Knee pain and knee injuries, as a result of Iliotibial Band Syndrome, can be an
extremely painful and frustrating injury that puts a big strain on both the knee
and hip joints.
Knee pain and knee injuries are very common among runners and cyclists. However,
they don't usually occur in an instant, like a hamstring strain or groin pull, but
commonly start off as a twinge or niggle, and progress quickly to a debilitating
sports injury that can sideline the best of us for weeks.
For those who aren't familiar with Iliotibial Band Syndrome, let's start by having
a look at the muscle responsible for the problem. The iliotibial band is actually
a thick tendon-like portion of another muscle called the tensor fasciae latae. This
band passes down the outside of the thigh and inserts just below the knee.
If you look at the anterior (front) view of the right thigh muscles and follow the
tendon of this muscle down, you'll see that it runs all the way to the knee. This
thick band of tendon is the iliotibial band. Or iliotibial tract, as it is labelled
in the diagram.
The knee pain occurs when the tensor fasciae latae muscle and iliotibial band become
tight. This causes the tendon to pull the knee joint out of alignment and rub against
the outside of the knee, which results in inflammation and pain.
Causes
There are two main causes of knee pain associated with iliotibial band syndrome.
The first is "overload" and the second is "biomechanical errors."
Overload is common with sports that require a lot of running or weight bearing activity.
This is why ITB is commonly a runner's injury. When the tensor fasciae latae muscle
and iliotibial band become fatigued and overloaded, they lose their ability to adequately
stabilize the entire leg. This in-turn places stress on the knee joint, which results
in pain and damage to the structures that make up the knee joint.
Overload on the ITB can be caused by a number of things. They include:
- Exercising on hard surfaces, like concrete;
- Exercising on uneven ground;
- Beginning an exercise program after a long lay-off period;
- Increasing exercise intensity or duration too quickly;
- Exercising in worn out or ill fitting shoes; and
- Excessive uphill or downhill running.
Biomechanical errors include:
- Leg length differences;
- Tight, stiff muscles in the leg;
- Muscle imbalances;
- Foot structure problems such as flat feet; and
- Gait, or running style problems such as pronation.
Treatment For Iliotibial Band Syndrome
Firstly, be sure to remove the cause of the problem. Whether is be an overload problem,
or a biomechanical problem, make sure steps are taken to remove the cause.
The basic treatment for knee pain that results from ITB Syndrome is no different
to most other soft tissue injuries. Immediately following the onset of any knee
pain, the R.I.C.E.R. regime should be applied. This involves
Rest,
Ice,
Compression,
Elevation, and
Referral to an appropriate professional
for an accurate diagnosis. It is critical that the R.I.C.E.R. regime be implemented
for at least the first 48 to 72 hours. Doing this will give you the best possible
chance of a complete and full recovery.